The neuronal basis of movement preparation, during which movement parameters such as movement direction are assigned values, is fairly well understood. Motor and premotor cortex as well as portions of parietal cortex represent movement parameters through the activity of neuronal populations.
The parameter representation is of dynamic nature, updated in the course of movement and adapts to boundary condition of the motion plan or to environmental changes. Schwartz (2004) was able to decode motor cortical activity in motor cortex, utilizing to drive a virtual or robotic end-effector and proved that motor cortex is involved in the generation of time course of movement. At this level of abstraction we assume that movement of end-effector as well as human walking movement is represented appropriately by its direction and able to satisfy other constraints such as obstacle avoidance or movement coordination.
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